Biodiversity Conservation in China
一、秉持人與自然和諧共生理念I. Harmony Between Humanity and Nature
二、提高生物多樣性保護(hù)成效II. Increasing the Efficiency of Biodiversity Conservation
三、提升生物多樣性治理能力III. Improving Biodiversity Governance
四、深化全球生物多樣性保護(hù)合作IV. Further Global Cooperation on Biodiversity ConservationPreface
“生物多樣性”是生物（動物、植物、微生物）與環(huán)境形成的生態(tài)復(fù)合體以及與此相關(guān)的各種生態(tài)過程的總和，包括生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、物種和基因三個層次。生物多樣性關(guān)系人類福祉，是人類賴以生存和發(fā)展的重要基礎(chǔ)。人類必須尊重自然、順應(yīng)自然、保護(hù)自然，加大生物多樣性保護(hù)力度，促進(jìn)人與自然和諧共生。
Biodiversity refers to the variety of living species (plants, animals and microorganisms) in their natural environments and the aggregate of the related ecological processes. It is measured on three levels: genes, species and ecosystems. Biodiversity is the basis for human survival and development and has a direct bearing on our wellbeing. Humans must respect nature and follow its ways. We must conserve biodiversity to protect nature and live in harmony with it.
1972年，聯(lián)合國召開人類環(huán)境會議，與會各國共同簽署了《人類環(huán)境宣言》，生物資源保護(hù)被列入二十六項原則之中。1993年，《生物多樣性公約》正式生效，公約確立了保護(hù)生物多樣性、可持續(xù)利用其組成部分以及公平合理分享由利用遺傳資源而產(chǎn)生的惠益三大目標(biāo)，全球生物多樣性保護(hù)開啟了新紀(jì)元。
In 1972, at the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, the attending nations signed the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, which included the conservation of bio-resources in its 26 principles. In 1993, the Convention on Biological Diversity came into effect, which set three objectives – the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources, ushering in a new era for the protection of global biodiversity.
中國幅員遼闊，陸海兼?zhèn)?，地貌和氣候?fù)雜多樣，孕育了豐富而又獨特的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、物種和遺傳多樣性，是世界上生物多樣性最豐富的國家之一。中國的傳統(tǒng)文化積淀了豐富的生物多樣性智慧，“天人合一”“道法自然”“萬物平等”等思想和理念體現(xiàn)了樸素的生物多樣性保護(hù)意識。作為最早簽署和批準(zhǔn)《生物多樣性公約》的締約方之一，中國一貫高度重視生物多樣性保護(hù)，不斷推進(jìn)生物多樣性保護(hù)與時俱進(jìn)、創(chuàng)新發(fā)展，取得顯著成效，走出了一條中國特色生物多樣性保護(hù)之路。
China’s land and sea territories are both vast; its complex terrain and diverse climate gave birth to unique ecosystems, abundant species, and rich genetic variety. As one of the most biodiverse countries in the world, China has a profound understanding of biodiversity, as manifest in traditional Chinese culture and these aphorisms: “Man is an integral part of nature”; “Dao follows the laws of nature”; and “All beings are equal”. China, as one of the first countries to sign and approve the Convention on Biological Diversity, has always attached great importance to biodiversity conservation and preserves biodiversity with creative and up-to-date measures, achieving substantial progress on a distinctively Chinese path of conservation.
中共十八大以來，在習(xí)近平生態(tài)文明思想引領(lǐng)下，中國堅持生態(tài)優(yōu)先、綠色發(fā)展，生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)法律體系日臻完善、監(jiān)管機制不斷加強、基礎(chǔ)能力大幅提升，生物多樣性治理新格局基本形成，生物多樣性保護(hù)進(jìn)入新的歷史時期。當(dāng)前，全球物種滅絕速度不斷加快，生物多樣性喪失和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化對人類生存和發(fā)展構(gòu)成重大風(fēng)險。2020年9月30日，習(xí)近平主席在聯(lián)合國生物多樣性峰會上指出，要站在對人類文明負(fù)責(zé)的高度，探索人與自然和諧共生之路，凝聚全球治理合力，提升全球環(huán)境治理水平。中國將秉持人類命運共同體理念，繼續(xù)為全球環(huán)境治理貢獻(xiàn)力量。
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 2012, China has been prioritizing eco-environmental progress and pursuing green development under the guidance of Xi Jinping thought on eco-civilization. A new pattern of biodiversity conservation has largely taken shape, with improvements to the legal system, supervision mechanisms and governing capacity for eco-conservation, marking the beginning of a new era for biodiversity conservation in China. Currently, as species worldwide are becoming extinct at an alarming rate, biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation pose a major risk to human survival and development. On September 30, 2020, at the United Nations Summit on Biodiversity, Chinese President Xi Jinping pointed out that the whole of humanity needs to take on its pressing responsibilities, find a way for human and nature to coexist in harmony, and build synergy for and enhance global governance on the environment. Guided by the vision of building a global community of shared future, China will continue to contribute its part to global environmental governance.
為介紹中國生物多樣性保護(hù)理念和實踐，增進(jìn)國際社會對中國生物多樣性保護(hù)的了解，特發(fā)布本白皮書。
The Chinese government is publishing this white paper to present China’s ideas, plans and actions on biodiversity conservation, and share its progress with the international community.
I. Harmony Between Humanity and Nature
To realize the Beautiful China initiative under a new situation, China is improving the measures for biodiversity conservation and creating new frameworks for this purpose. In its pursuit of harmony between humanity and nature, between individuals, and between the individual and society, China endeavors to create a virtuous circle for all-round development and prolonged prosperity for all.
面對全球生物多樣性喪失和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化，中國秉持人與自然和諧共生理念，堅持保護(hù)優(yōu)先、綠色發(fā)展，形成了政府主導(dǎo)、全民參與，多邊治理、合作共贏的機制，推動中國生物多樣性保護(hù)不斷取得新成效，為應(yīng)對全球生物多樣性挑戰(zhàn)作出新貢獻(xiàn)。
In addressing biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation, China upholds the philosophy of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature, prioritizing biodiversity conservation and seeking green development. It has established conservation mechanisms led by the government and featuring multilateral governance and win-win cooperation, in which all citizens participate. This way, China keeps making progress and contributing to efforts in global biodiversity conservation.
——堅持尊重自然、保護(hù)優(yōu)先。牢固樹立尊重自然、順應(yīng)自然、保護(hù)自然的理念，在社會發(fā)展中優(yōu)先考慮生物多樣性保護(hù)，以生態(tài)本底和自然稟賦為基礎(chǔ)，科學(xué)配置自然和人工保護(hù)修復(fù)措施，對重要生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、生物物種及遺傳資源實施有效保護(hù)，保障生態(tài)安全和生物安全。
– Respecting nature and prioritizing biodiversity conservation. China follows the principles of respecting and protecting nature and obeying nature’s laws, and prioritizes biodiversity conservation in social development. Given its eco-environment and natural resources, China has balanced its natural and artificial measures for the conservation and restoration of important ecosystems, species and genetic resources, to ensure ecological security and biological security.
——堅持綠色發(fā)展、持續(xù)利用。踐行“綠水青山就是金山銀山”理念，將生物多樣性作為可持續(xù)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)、目標(biāo)和手段，科學(xué)、合理和可持續(xù)利用生物資源，給自然生態(tài)留下休養(yǎng)生息的時間和空間，推動生產(chǎn)和生活方式的綠色轉(zhuǎn)型和升級，從保護(hù)自然中尋找發(fā)展機遇，實現(xiàn)生物多樣性保護(hù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展雙贏。
– Seeking green development and sustainable utilization of bio-resources. China cherishes the principle that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, and sees biodiversity as the foundation, objective and means of sustainable development. It has endeavored to promote the efficient and sustainable utilization of bio-resources, to allow nature to restore itself. It promotes green ways of life and work, and seeks development opportunities while preserving nature, to achieve win-win results in both biodiversity conservation and high-quality development.
——堅持制度先行、統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)。不斷強化生物多樣性保護(hù)國家戰(zhàn)略地位，長遠(yuǎn)謀劃頂層設(shè)計，分級落實主體責(zé)任，建立健全政府主導(dǎo)、企業(yè)行動和公眾參與的生物多樣性保護(hù)長效機制。強化中國生物多樣性保護(hù)國家委員會統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)作用，持續(xù)完善生物多樣性保護(hù)、可持續(xù)利用和惠益分享相關(guān)法律法規(guī)和政策制度，構(gòu)建生物多樣性保護(hù)和治理新格局。
– Enhancing institutional guarantee and coordinating actions for biodiversity conservation. China has strengthened biodiversity conservation as a national strategy through long-range planning and top-level design, specifying the primary responsibilities at all levels, and improving long-term conservation mechanisms led by the government and facilitated by enterprises with public participation. The China National Committee for Biodiversity Conservation (CNCBC) has taken on a stronger coordinating role. Constant efforts have been made to improve laws, regulations and policies concerning biodiversity conservation, sustainable utilization of bio-resources, and fair and equitable sharing of benefits. All the above efforts are aimed at building a new model for biodiversity conservation and governance.
——堅持多邊主義、合作共贏。加強生物多樣性保護(hù)，促進(jìn)人與自然和諧共生，已成為國際交流對話的重要內(nèi)容。中國堅定支持生物多樣性多邊治理體系，切實履行《生物多樣性公約》及其他相關(guān)環(huán)境條約義務(wù)，積極承擔(dān)與發(fā)展水平相稱的國際責(zé)任，向其他發(fā)展中國家提供力所能及的援助，不斷深化生物多樣性領(lǐng)域交流合作，攜手應(yīng)對全球生物多樣性挑戰(zhàn)，為實現(xiàn)人與自然和諧共生美好愿景發(fā)揮更大作用。
– Upholding multilateralism and win-win cooperation. Living in harmony with nature through greater efforts on biodiversity conservation becomes an important topic for international exchanges and dialogue. China firmly supports a multilateral biodiversity governance system, fulfills its obligations prescribed in the Convention on Biological Diversity and other environmental treaties, and takes on international responsibilities commensurate to its development stage. China has been providing assistance within its ability to other developing countries, and strengthening exchanges and cooperation on biodiversity to jointly meet global challenges. It endeavors to play a greater role in realizing the vision of harmony between humanity and nature.
